FEATURED ARTICLES

• Earth Animal Keeps Out Foreign Body Contamination

  Learn the details behind an X-ray inspection system enabling a pet food provider to effectively inspect their products to identify and remove any that contain foreign objects.

• Principles Of Due Diligence For Food Safety And Quality Control

  Explore the core principles of due diligence, legal requirements and standards for food safety, and ways to reduce the risk of product recalls.

• METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection Group Introduces Significant Update For ProdX Software
• METTLER TOLEDO To Host A Live Webinar: Hygienic Principles In The Food Industry

  Food contamination with microbiological contamination can have disastrous consequences for consumers. Harsh cleaning regimens are often standard in food production environments to minimize the risk of bacterial infection. This webinar will outline how to protect your systems from bacterial contamination. 

• Mettler-Toledo Showcases A Suite Of Affordable Smart Inspection Technologies At Interpack In Germany To Boost Pharma Productivity

  Mettler-Toledo Product Inspection is showcasing a wide range of stand-alone and fully-integrated automated smart product inspection systems at Interpack 2023. The advanced product inspection technologies on Booth A60 in Hall 11 are all designed to help food manufacturers boost productivity, increase product safety, protect brand reputation and reduce recalls. The full suite of technologies offers high-performance end-to-end inspection capabilities from ingredient stage to label verification.

• Mettler-Toledo To Host A Live Webinar On How To Test Conveyorized Metal Detection Systems

  Mettler-Toledo Product Inspection will host a live webinar on April 20^th, 2023 at 1:00pm ET to provide guidance on how to validate, verify, and monitor conveyorized metal detection systems.

• Preventing Product Recalls By Timely Adoption Of Technology

  Product recalls can damage a company's reputation. Learn about the reasoning behind recalls, the impact of recalls, and what companies can do to minimize their exposure to such risks.

• Mettler-Toledo To Host A Live Webinar On Glass In Glass X-Ray Inspection

  Live event scheduled March 9th 2023 will discuss the damaging nature of glass-in-glass contamination for food manufacturers and how x-ray inspection can help to mitigate these risk.

• METTLER TOLEDO To Demonstrate Its Latest Product Inspection Solutions At IPPE 2023

  METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection will demonstrate a variety of inspection systems for the meat and poultry industries in booth #C13131 at the International Poultry and Processing Expo, being held at Georgia World Congress Center in Atlanta, January 24-26, 2023.

• Mettler Toledo To Present New Product Inspection Solutions For Food And Pharmaceutical Packaging At Pack Expo 2022

  We will demonstrate a variety of new inspection systems for the food and pharmaceutical industries in booth #S1714 at Pack Expo International, being held at McCormick Convention Center in Chicago, October 23-26, 2022.

• METTLER TOLEDO To Demonstrate New Product Inspection Systems At IBIE 2022

  METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection will demonstrate a variety of inspection systems for the commercial baking industry in booth #3474 at IBIE, being held at the Las Vegas Convention Center, Sept 18-21, 2022.

• X-Ray Inspection Of Frozen Burgers

  Meat and convenience products processor installs x-ray inspection solution to satisfy increased customer requirements and demands in terms of quality assurance and production capacity.

• Vision Inspection And Checkweighing For Natural Food Processors

  A family-owned business that produces fruit spreads made from all-natural ingredients installs upgraded systems to ensure product accuracy, label printing, and tracking capabilities for their customers.

• Checkweighing Technology For Frozen Potato Food Manufacturers

  Read how a supplier of quick-service restaurants retrofitted its production lines with space-saving checkweighers and was able to achieve a higher throughput than ever before.

• X-Ray Inspection Provides Additional Quality For Snack Food Manufacturer

  Here, a nut manufacturer finds a solution that allows them to detect contaminants in products packaged in aluminum foil and provides ease and flexibility in changing product types.

• The Business Value Of Connectivity For Product Inspection Equipment

  Realize the value of connectivity, and more specifically, the value of the information provided by checkweighing, metal detection, vision inspection, and x-ray inspection.

• Understand Hygienic Principles In Food Manufacturing

  This guide provides you with the tools to evaluate the washdown capabilities of a given piece of production equipment.

• Contaminant Detection In Yogurt

  Rapid progress being made and both yogurt production plants means manufacturers must modernized and upgraded to meet the demands of the consumer in the Greek and international markets. Read how one yogurt manufacturer ensures product safety and brand protection by detecting contaminants of various size and materials.

• METTLER TOLEDO Introduces New Inspection Systems At Pack Expo Las Vegas 2021

  METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection introduces several new technologies in booth C-1814 at Pack Expo, being held at the Las Vegas Convention Center, September 27 – 29, 2021.

• METTLER TOLEDO To Demonstrate Product Inspection Systems At Process Expo 2021

  METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection will demonstrate a variety of inspection systems for food processing in booth #8003 at Process Expo, being held at McCormick Place Convention Center in Chicago, November 2 – 5, 2021. In addition, the company will have equipment on exhibit in Process Expo's Bakery Production Line.

• Mettler-Toledo Announces Quick Ship Program For Checkweighers, Metal Detectors And X-Ray Inspection Systems

  Mettler-Toledo’s rapid Configure-to-Order (CTO) Quick Ship Program helps manufacturers to meet product demand

• Mettler-Toledo's New Combination Checkweigher/Metal Detection Systems Reduce Cleaning Downtime

  The new CM33 Washdown and CM35 Washdown combination systems are specifically designed to address the needs of manufacturers operating in harsh production environments that need both metal detection and checkweighing.

• In A Hurry For Product Inspection Equipment? Learn About Our Quick-Ship Program

  METTLER TOLEDO has launched a Quick Ship Program for some of its popular checkweighing and x-ray inspection equipment to speed up delivery lead times to its customers.

• Mettler Toledo Offers Free Testing Of Product Inspection Systems Prior To Purchase For Food Manufacturers

  To help manufacturers access expert advice to select the right inspection equipment for their products, METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection is providing free product evaluation and testing services.

• Inline Weighing Technology Offers Additional Quality Check Features

  Alongside weight monitoring, the checkweigher used at Protina Pharmazeutische GmbH offers other important functions that support the company's system of strict quality management.

• Nutritional Medicine Manufacturer Installs Two Line Checkweigher To Keep Up With Demand

  Orthomol pharmazeutische Vertriebs GmbH develops and markets an extensive range of food supplements. Annually over 50 million pouches and 12 million drink bottles leave the premises. A new two-lane C35 AdvancedLine checkweigher excels in high weighing accuracy and throughput, and its versatile product handling features can be flexibly adapted to changing requirements in Orthomol's production lines.

• Nutraceutical Firm Maximizes Product Quality With X-Ray Inspection System

  Health Specialties Manufacturing produces probiotics, enzymes, vitamins and joint-muscle blends including liquid and powder blends and a variety of packaging sizes and formats. They installed an x-ray inspection system that ensures they protect product quality.

• Washdown Checkweighers Ideal For Meat, Bakery And Food Manufacturers

  METTLER TOLEDO has launched a series of washdown resistant checkweighers for weighing applications in food manufacturing environments. The equipment is designed for use in areas with cleaning regimes that use caustic cleaning agents to combat bacterial contamination risks.

• Liquor Distillery Utilizes Scalable Vision Inspection Solutions

  For one North American distillery, a strengthened product portfolio meant an increase in the number of packages being labelled. Existing quality inspections struggled to meet the required standards as product demand grew. CI-Vision provided vision inspection solutions to help achieve their high quality standards.

• Better Data-Management For Better Food Safety Compliance

  with each new release of the food safety standards, the auditing requirements become more stringent. Food processors don't just have to provide safe food, they have to prove that they can supply safe food. So how can a diligent food processor keep on top of the data that demonstrates their absolute commitment to food safety? This white paper looks at how the compilation and management of vital food safety data can be streamlined by the latest generation of data-management software.

• Mettler-Toledo Announces Product Inspection Virtual Tradeshow June 1-5

  Food and pharmaceutical manufacturers can still experience Mettler-Toledo Product Inspection’s newest technology innovations and glean industry insights that the company was going to present at Interpack 2020.

• Ensuring Food Safety Through The Prevention Of Physical Contamination

  Incidents of physical contaminants in food can have a detrimental impact on brand reputation. This white paper explains different types of physical contamination in food and how to prevent them.

• X-Ray Technology Ensures Food Safety And Quality In Tall, Rigid Containers

  Tall, rigid containers — metal cans, doypacks, cartons, composite cans/tubes, and plastic and glass containers — are used extensively across the food industry. However, inspecting these types of packaging for physical contaminants and quality defects using x-ray inspection can prove challenging for numerous reasons. This white paper looks at the ability of x-ray technology to enhance food safety, quality control and operational efficiency.

• Ensuring Conformity Of Packaged Food

  In this white paper, we define package conformity and why it's important to food industry stakeholders. Further, we explore the technologies available to meet conformity objectives and how using them can benefit your business.

• Five Steps To Maximize Metal Detector Performance

  If your metal detector is not working to the optimum sensitivity specification, then metal contamination could be passing through your production line, undetected. This application note provides 5 steps to maximize the performance of your metal detector.

• Packaged Baby Food And Infant Formula Inspection Technologies

  Different baby food and infant formula applications require distinct product inspection systems. Choosing the right machine to suit individual products and packaging types is crucial to ensure high levels of detection sensitivity and minimize false rejects. This white paper looks at the current marketplace and growth trends of the industry, and explores the many different inspection technologies available.

• Protecting Manufacturers Against Recalls - Seal Verification For Infant Formula Containers

  A major nutraceutical manufacturer proactively implemented a vision inspection program into their formula lines to ensure a safe and quality nutrient product for infant consumers. However manual inspection was creating a bigger range of tolerances than product specifications. Knowing their inspection needs and product specifications, CI-Vision was able to develop precise product tolerances with progressive technology that was able to capture defects, while pattern-matching algorithms would detect and reliably reject defective products from the production line.

• Tortilla Manufacturer Installs Mettler-Toledo Safeline Metal Detector For Brand Protection And Ensuring Product Safety

  Arevalo Foods produces more than 3.5 million tortillas per day at their state-of-the-art facility. To support their double digit growth over the past few years, they installed three metal detectors to help protect their final product quality.

• Dates Manufacturer Installs Mettler-Toledo Safeline Pipeline Metal Detection System For Challenging Applications

  The Jewel Date Company is in a sweet spot, with health-conscious consumers driving the popularity of dates as an alternative to refined sugar. To protect their product quality while meeting rising demand, they selected an advanced metal detector for one pipeline system and two conveyorized systems.

• Equipment Safety For Product Inspection Equipment

  This paper is intended as a general guide on equipment safety, for users and suppliers of product inspection equipment. It should be thought of as a framework for discussion on the topic, assisting both users and suppliers in meeting their shared responsibility for equipment safety.

• Preventing Product Recalls For Manufacturers

  As manufacturing continues to become more globalized and the supply chain also becomes more unified, recalls of significant scale are likely to become more common.

• Metal Detection, X-Ray Inspection Or Both?

  We review the pros and cons of metal detection and x-ray inspection to help you decide which inspection technology to invest in to ensure the quality and safety of your products.

• Performance Validation, Verification, Monitoring and Testing

  This white paper gives guidance on the essential processes of validation, verification, and routine performance monitoring for in-line product inspection equipment in food making facilities.

• New GC Series Conveyorized Metal Detection Systems Helps Food Manufacturers With Compliance

  Our new GC Series conveyorized metal detection systemsaim to improve compliance and reduce total cost of ownership. The new systems support food and non-food manufacturers' quality and production objectives by providing robust, easy to use, modular equipment, which is readily re-configurable to support future requirements.

• Cheese Manufacturer Installs Checkweigher & Metal Detector For QA

  For a cheese maker with highly automated processes, a combo checkweigher and metal detector made the perfect tool for ensuring compliance with the HACCP regulations applicable to food production.

• Vision Inspection Systems Reduce Labeling Errors For Ice Cream Maker

  Ice cream manufacturers are looking for a better way to prevent labeling errors. After researching available options, one manufacturer decided to investigate vision inspection as a quality control solution.

• X-Ray Inspection Provides Product Safety For Ice Cream Production Lines

  To further reinforce positive customer experiences, an ice cream manufacturer challenged themselves to further minimize its already small risk of foreign body contamination by implementing x-ray inspection.

• How A Combination Checkweigher And Metal Detection System Improves QA

  More than 200 million baked goods leave a bread manufacturer's plant annually. With such high volume, how does the company ensure its products meet the highest requirements of safety and quality?

• Organic Food Manufacturer Installs Vision Inspection And Checkweigher For Reduced Packaging Risks

  Staying on top of technology in a competitive market makes Crofter's Foods a leader in the organic and all natural food industries. Using the METTLER TOLEDO systems, Crofters is able to monitor and verify every product package meets their specifications and offer their customers the advanced tracking information they desire.

• How To Ensure The Safety Of Canned Foods

  Metal cans are becoming an increasingly popular food packaing option, but they present significant challenges for x-ray inspection systems. Continue reading to learn how to overcome these challenges.

• Chocolatier Installs Combination Checkweigher/Metal Detector To Reduce Risks

  Metal detection is essential for SQF food safety certification, and checkweighing helps to reliably meet net weight. To support their needs, a chocolatier installed a combination checkweigher/metal detector.

• Bell Food Group Ensures Quality Of Burger Patties

  This case study shows how Bell Food Group, the meat supplier for an international fast food chain, uses X-Ray inspection to ensure burger patties are contaminant free and are of the highest quality.

• Five Of The Biggest Meat And Poultry Inspection Challenges

  This article covers five key inspection challenges meat and poultry manufacturers face, how they can overcome those challenges, and how they can enhance their production lines.

• How To Maximize The Performance Of Your Metal Detector

  To get the most out of your metal detection program, it’s important to understand the factors that affect metal detector sensitivity and the ability to find different types of metal. This guide explains the various elements.

• How J.O. Spice Protects Their Brand With Metal Detection Technology

  This spice manufacturer faced a challenge of having to manually lay down larger boxes prior to going through the metal detector. A solution with a tall aperture allowed them to eliminate this step and set up a fully automated packaging line.

• How To Properly Test Your Industrial Metal Detector

  In this paper, we explain the differences between validation, verification and routine performance monitoring and give an overview of recommended test methods for different metal detection systems.

• How To Guarantee All-Round Glass Inspection

  Glass is often the preferred packaging material for food manufacturers. However, checking for foreign bodies in a finished pack is critical, as just one glass shard can have catastrophic consequences.

• The Principles of Due Diligence For Quality Control and Legal Defense

  The white paper explains the importance of identifying foreign body contaminants in food and can be used as a checklist to evaluate the various metal detectors and x-ray inspection systems on the market.

• Understanding Food Label Regulations Of The U.S., EU, And China

  There are an increasing number of ways in which a label might now fail to meet one of those specifications, making a strict label quality control process more necessary than ever.

• Label Mix-Up Prevention: Using Vision To Improve The Labeling Process

  This white paper explains how vision inspection systems help prevent recalls and protect brand reputations.

• Guide For Ice Cream Manufacturers For Checkweighing

  The unique characteristics of your ice cream products present inspection challenges. Fortunately, there are solutions available to address your specific challenges.

• Checkweighing Guide For Pet Food Manufacturers

  The unique characteristics of pet food products present inspection challenges. Fortunately, there are solutions available to address your specific challenges.

• Guide For Yogurt Manufacturers For Checkweighing

  The unique characteristics of yogurt and other dairy products present inspection challenges. Fortunately, there are solutions available to address your specific challenges.

• METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection To Host Grand Opening Of New State-Of-The-Art Facility July 12-13, 2018

  The Product Inspection Group of METTLER TOLEDO, the largest manufacturer of product inspection systems for the food and pharmaceutical industries, is hosting a Grand Opening event for their customers and trade media on July 12 – 13^th, 2018.

• J.O. Spice Tackles Seafood Seasoning Safety With Signature Touch Metal Detector From Mettler-Toledo Safeline

  J.O. Spice Company is a family-owned manufacturer of crab and seafood seasonings. At their start in 1945, the original husband-and-wife team commercialized recipes that were handed down through generations.

• Reduce Operational Costs With Hygienically-Designed Equipment

  This white paper explains why the hygienic design of product inspection equipment is critical, the key benefits of investing in such equipment, and how it helps ensure food safety.

• How Checkweighers Can Optimally Adjust Filling Processes

  This white paper explores common filling problems, shows applications and methods of controlling filling processes, and provides calculations showing savings checkweighers can achieve.

• HACCP Versus HARPC / What's The Difference?

  This white paper takes a thorough look at HACCP and HARPC and details their similarities and differences. It also explains key steps food companies must take to transition from HACCP to HARPC.

• How Metal Detection And X-Ray Inspection Improve Quality Assurance

  This article explains how a variety of product inspection equipment on the production line increases confidence that due diligence has been taken to ensure product quality.

• Industry 4.0 Connectivity Guide: Unlocking Value With Product

  This condensed version of the Industry 4.0 Guide provides an improved appreciation of Industry 4.0, guidance integrating product inspection equipment with Industry 4.0 practices and innovations.

• Unique Contaminant Detection Challenges In Chub Packaging Application

  Metal detection and x-ray systems specifically designed for pumped products in addition to checkweighers and vision equipment ensure perfect packaging and labeling every time.

• Bakery Installs X-Ray And Checkweighing Systems For Increased Quality

  Food safety and quality is paramount. Because of this, La Provence Bakery needed new inspection equipment to maximize final product quality after installing a new cookie line.

• Mushroom Producer Installs Metal Detection For Additional Quality Control

  Oakshire Mushroom Farm needed new metal detectors to accommodate rising demand. This article explains the selection process and how the technoloy improved food safety and final product quality.

• METTLER-TOLEDO Boosts Food Safety with New Next Generation Bulk Flow Inspection

  X36 Optimizes Detection Sensitivity in Bulk Flow Products While Maximizing Productivity

• X-Ray Inspection Series from Mettler-Toledo Offers Adaptable Product Inspection for Flexibility

  As food and pharmaceutical manufacturers strive to ensure maximum efficiency on their processing lines to maintain competitiveness, the X36 x-ray inspection Series from Mettler-Toledo Safeline X-ray can help. This series of adaptable x-ray inspection systems uses the most advanced imaging technology on the market to provide high-detection sensitivity appropriate to a broad range of packaged applications.

• Mettler-Toledo's X37 X-Ray Inspection Series Combines High Detection Sensitivity With Lower Power Consumption

  New food x-ray systems for tall, rigid containers ensure maximum detection sensitivity and high throughputs while reducing operational costs

• Pipeline Metal Detector Ensures Metal-Free Vacuum Filler Applications For Food Manufacturers

  Mettler-Toledo Safeline’s new range of HDS Pipeline Metal Detectors is developed specifically for use on vacuum filling lines for detection sensitivity and stability, as well as user-friendly operation in potentially harsh or extreme working environments.

• Ensuring Compliance For New Food Safety Standards

  This white paper looks at the most common food safety standards, their latest requirements, and explains how a product inspection program can help food manufacturers meet these requirements.

• Measuring With Vision Inspection In Plastic Bottle Manufacturing

  A properly calibrated vision inspection system can spot container defects before filling, preventing contamination and spillage, reducing waste, and improving standards compliance.

• Selecting An Effective Vision System For Quality Assurance Applications

  Quality control is one of the most important stages of the production process. Implementing a quality control program with automated vision inspection helps ensure every product meets quality standards.

• Improving Food Safety Inspection Of Bulk Products

  This white paper focuses on bulk foods applications, discusses why manufacturers submit bulk foods to product inspection and explores what inspection technologies can be used.

• How Amway Ensures Product Quality And Boosts Profits

  Amway's success is driven by relationships and maintaining high-quality products. To ensure continued success, Amway installed x-ray inspection systems and checkweighers at its food manufacturing facility.

• Ensure Brand Protection Using Metal Detection

  When Key Ingredient Market expanded operations, it needed new equipment. With quality as its backbone, this case study explains why metal detection was a key part of the company's success.

• Improving Communication and Efficiency Using PackTags in Product Inspection

  This white paper explores the ways in which technology and communications languages have evolved in order to address industry-wide challenges.

• Prevent Unplanned Downtime With Preventive Maintenance

  If production equipment fails, manufacturers face unplanned downtime, reduced output, and lost revenues. This article explains how preventive maintenance reduces the risk of unplanned downtime.

• Exquisite Frozen Cake Manufacturer Increases Product And Process Quality

  For specialty desserts, maximum product quality has to be guaranteed. High-precision checkweighing and metal detection systems are essential in achieving the highest quality.

• Top 10 Reasons Why You Need A Checkweigher

  While checkweighers are often associated with compliance to regulations, they also boost your bottom line through the reduction of waste, tightening of tolerances, and helping to produce more consistent products. Checkweighers provide an immediate positive contribution to productivity and profits with most systems paying for themselves in a matter of a few months, weeks, or even days! Here are 10 reasons your company should invest in checkweighing technology.

• How To Detect 87 Percent Smaller Wire Contaminants In Manufacturing

  Metal detector sensitivity performance is usually expressed in terms of the diameter of a test sphere made from a specific type of metal, such as ferrous, non-ferrous, aluminum or stainless steel.

• Improving Food Safety Inspection of Pumped Products

  This paper explains how product inspection systems support food safety compliance by eliminating physical contaminants and the factors that affect the sensitivity of product inspection equipment.

• Packaging Machine Language Boosts Performance

  METTLER TOLEDO joins the Organization for Machine Automation and Control (OMAC) and is committed to producing PackML-enabled equipment. PackML, Packaging Machine Language, and related calculations enable production line performance improvements.

• Boost OEE And Find Smaller Metal Contaminants

  ‘Product effect’ (a phenomenon where the type of product being inspected can itself hinder the inspection technology’s capability to identify a particular contaminant) has long been a problem for food manufacturers. In the case of metal detection, product effect can be caused by a number of factors such as high moisture or salt content, temperature variations, size and shape of the product, orientation through the detector and packaging material.

• Mettler Toledo Plans State-Of-The-Art New Facility In Tampa Bay Region

  The METTLER TOLEDO Product Inspection Division announced today that it will be building a new state-of-the-art facility to accommodate the growth of its business throughout the Americas. The new facility is expected to be completed in late 2017, and will be located 15 miles north of the Division's current site in Tampa, FL, which houses the company's Safeline Metal Detection and X-ray Inspection businesses. It will also become the home of the Hi-Speed Checkweighing business, which is planned to relocate from Ithaca, New York during the course of 2018. 

• Calculating The Total Cost Of Ownership Of Production Line Equipment

  Considering TCO helps to understand better the costs over and above the purchase price and also – when suppliers have differing offers – to compare them and ultimately to substantiate the investment decision.

• Inside A Nut Manufacturer's X-Ray Inspection Operations To Assure Product Quality

  To ensure that the highest quality levels are preserved at all times, Germany-based Koenig Backmittel processes only the very best raw ingredients, whilst also placing great importance on its state-of-the-art production technology. As part of its incoming goods checks for hazelnuts, an x-ray inspection system inspects the raw ingredients for contaminants to provide a significant part of the overall quality management process. This helps ensure the company follows through on one of its guiding principles, “Quality Ensures Success.”

• How To Select Critical Control Points For X-Ray Systems

  What are the best locations for x-ray inspection in a processing line? This white paper addresses that question to help you understand the most effective locations of critical control points.

• Cheese Manufacturer Installs X-Ray Inspection And Metal Detection For 12 Processing Lines

  To assure product quality and food safety, one of the world’s leading cheese manufacturers recently turned to x-ray inspection and metal detection technology. The company installed x-ray for bulk packaging line and twelve metal detectors for all of their other cheese manufacturing lines.

• Calculating The Total Cost Of Ownership For In-Line Metal Detection Equipment

  This white paper will help clarify the foundations of investment decisions, explain the costs dynamic in-line metal detection equipment, and help you calculate ROI of in-line metal detection equipment.

• Vision Inspection Systems: Designing Labels And Making Codes Readable

  Inspection systems are highly accurate, and growing more accurate all the time, but they still have limitations which must be considered when implementing a label inspection program.

• Calculating The Total Cost Of Ownership For X-Ray Inspection Equipment

  Considering TCO helps to better understand the costs over and above the purchase price and also – when suppliers have differing offers — to compare them and ultimately to substantiate the investment. 

• OMAC And PackML: Industry Standards For OEE Improvement

  The Organization for Machine Automation and Control (OMAC) was founded in 1994 and is made up of end-users, technology suppliers, and machine builders. OMAC members are recognized as industry leaders within the End Users and Equipment Manufacturers group. This White Paper examines how OMAC and Packaging Machine Language (PackML) are helping improve industry standards for overall equipment effectiveness (OEE).